1969 DWIGHT IKE EISENHOWER Republican Congressional Committee CONGRESS Memorial

Description

1969 RCC NEWSLETTER
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April 7, 1969 Republican Congressional Committee Newsletter featuring a memorial to Dwight Eisenhower who passed away the previous week. 8 pp; edgewear.
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Dwight David
"
Ike
"
Eisenhower
(
/
ˈ
aɪ
z
ən
ˌ
h
aʊ
.
ər
/
eye
-zən-
how
-ər
; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and soldier who served as the
34th
President of the United States
from 1953 until 1961. He was a
five-star general
in the
United States Army
during
World War II
and served as
Supreme Commander
of the
Allied Expeditionary Forces
in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in
Operation Torch
in 1942–43 and the successful
invasion of France
and
Germany
in 1944–45 from the
Western Front
. In 1951, he became the first
Supreme Commander of NATO
.
[5]
Eisenhower was of mostly
Pennsylvania Dutch
ancestry and was raised in a large family in Kansas by parents with a strong religious background. He graduated from
West Point
in 1915 and later married
Mamie Doud
, with whom he had two sons. After World War II, Eisenhower served as
Army Chief of Staff
under President
Harry S. Truman
and then accepted the post of President at
Columbia University
.
[6]
Eisenhower entered the
1952 presidential race
as a
Republican
to counter the non-interventionism of Senator
Robert A. Taft
, campaigning against "communism, Korea and corruption." He won in a landslide, defeating Democratic candidate
Adlai Stevenson
and temporarily upending the
New Deal Coalition
. Eisenhower was the first U.S. president to be constitutionally term-limited under the
22nd Amendment
and the only president born before the
20th century
to be subject to term limits.
Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the
Soviet Union
and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the
Korean War
; his
New Look
policy of
nuclear deterrence
prioritized inexpensive
nuclear weapons
while reducing funding for conventional military forces. He ordered coups in
Iran
and
Guatemala
. Eisenhower gave major aid to help the French in the
First Indochina War
, and after the French were defeated he gave strong financial support to the new
state
of
South Vietnam
. Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the
Formosa Resolution
, which obliged the U.S. to militarily support
capitalist
Taiwan
and continue the isolation of the
People's Republic of China
.
After the Soviet Union launched
Sputnik
in 1957, Eisenhower
authorized
the establishment of
NASA
, which led to the
space race
. During the
Suez Crisis
of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
but took no action. Eisenhower sent 15,000 U.S. troops to Lebanon to prevent the pro-Western government from falling to a
Nasser
-inspired revolution during the
1958 Lebanon crisis
. Near the end of his term, his efforts to set up a summit meeting with the Soviets collapsed because of the
U-2 incident
.
[7]
In his January 17, 1961
farewell address to the nation
, Eisenhower expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, and coined the term "
military–industrial complex
".
[8]
On the domestic front, he covertly opposed
Joseph McCarthy
and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking
executive privilege
. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President,
Richard Nixon
. Eisenhower was a moderate
conservative
who continued
New Deal
agencies and expanded
Social Security
. He also launched the
Interstate Highway System
, the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA), the establishment of strong science education via the
National Defense Education Act
, and encouraged peaceful use of nuclear power via amendments to the
Atomic Energy Act
.
[9]
Eisenhower's two terms saw considerable economic prosperity except for a sharp recession in 1958–59. Voted Gallup's most admired man twelve times, he achieved widespread popular esteem both in and out of office.
[10]
Since the late 20th century, consensus among Western scholars has consistently held Eisenhower as one of the
greatest U.S. Presidents
.
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